The demands and needs of the masses are in a process of constant change parallel to the developments in technology. Over time, various goods, which were once considered as luxury, have turned into necessity. Despite the process of constant change, the only demand that have never changedis the nutrition. In its most general sense, nutrition is a process, which starts with taking the foods that are required for the body and continues with the usage of the ingredients of the food after the body processes them (Irmak,1959, p.9). The most important point in this definition is that nutrition is vital for the survival of the human beings. In other words, nutrition is a life-sustaining need. From the earliest periods of the history, human beings have settled down or migrated in order to meet their nutrition need. The consequence of the constant settlement and re-settlement processes was the regional or local differences in terms of food types and nutrition habits. Geography is one of the fundamental factors that shape the nutrition need of the human beings. Within this context, the opportunities that different geographical areas provide have shaped the food habits and nutrition types (KılıçveAlbayrak, 2012, p.707).Within this context, the dominant food habits in a particular geographical region may not be relevant for the people living in another geographical area.
In addition to the characteristics of the geographical area that the humans have settled down, beliefs and the dominant religion in the particular geographical area have also shaped the food habits of the people. Goody (2013) states that while choosing what to consume, human beings stay away from the foods that are forbidden according to their beliefs. In addition to the geography that the people live and the dominant beliefs in the region, personal traits of the individuals, the characteristics of the people that they live and the psychological situations of the individuals shape the food habits (BeardsworthandKeil, 2011, p.22).
The change in food consumption habits, which are influenced by various individual, geographical and social factors should be evaluated within the context of cuisine culture. Cuisine culture is a unique culture that consists of all food types and habits, which are shaped by the geographical, religious, historical, sociological, psychological and economic characteristics of a society and which are shared by all the members of the particular community.
The usage of the food types and habits together with the concept of culture can be expressed with certain characteristics. Within this context (Beşirli, 2010, p.160);
a. Culture is the fundamental determinant of what we eat
b. Culture is learned. Food habits are also learned during the childhood and do not easily change once they are solidified
c. Foods are integral components of the culture
The most characteristic good that signifies the cultural difference is the food. The selection, preparation of the food, the eating method, number of daily meals, meal hours and portion size, which are all shaped by the traditions and practices of the cuisine culture are integrated with the general cultural traits (Abdurrezzak, 2014,p.3).In sum, nutrition, which is a vital need, may represent a geography, society or a state and may evolve into a
culture with the influence of some of the factors.
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